Each case below was computed with the current rfx code on the lab’s VESSL cluster and checked by something other than the gradient itself: finite differences, a closed-form optimum, or another solver on the same board. The figures, loops and data are downloadable, and each case has a machine-readable result.json.
Which cells move the match?
One reverse pass maps the sensitivity of a patch antenna’s |S11| to every substrate cell.
20,592 cells, one pass
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What a gradient costs
Time and memory for the value and gradient against a forward run, as the design region grows.
24 s vs 4.9–16.8 days
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Descend to the closed-form optimum
Adam through the FDTD solve finds the three layer permittivities of a broadband anti-reflection coating.
within 1.1 % of the transfer-matrix optimum
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The forward model next to openEMS
Input impedance of the patch and |S21| of a microstrip notch filter, on the same boards as openEMS.
being re-measured under the current settling check
Read the case →More cases are being recomputed with the current code: the waveguide dielectric taper and the beam-steering dielectric cover from the 2026 paper. Their original films are kept in the archive until then.