Geometry and Materials

Geometry should stay explicit in public examples. The documented API includes the shapes and named materials below. An available constructor alone does not establish RF accuracy; pair it with a configuration listed in Recommended Configuration and Support Boundaries.

Shapes

Shape	Signature	Typical use
`Box`	`Box(corner_lo, corner_hi)`	substrates, ground planes, patch metal, dielectric blocks
`Sphere`	`Sphere(center, radius)`	resonators, scatterers, simple inclusions
`Cylinder`	`Cylinder(center, radius, height, axis="z")`	vias, posts, cylindrical inclusions
`PolylineWire`	polyline-defined wire geometry	wire-like studies and routed conductors
`Via`	`Via(center=..., drill_radius=..., pad_radius=..., layers=..., material="pec")`	PCB-style interconnects
`CurvedPatch`	`CurvedPatch(center=..., length=..., width=..., radius=..., axis="x")`	curved-conductor studies; constructor arguments are keyword-only
`MeshShape`	`MeshShape.from_file(path, scale=..., translate=(0,0,0))`	CAD import — STL/OBJ/PLY, plus STEP/STP via the `cad` extra. Rasterizes host-side (trimesh containment): NOT differentiable — a traced coordinate raises, so CAD geometry cannot carry gradients

Material registration

from rfx import DebyePole, LorentzPole

sim.add_material("fr4", eps_r=4.3, sigma=0.02)
sim.add_material("resistive_medium", sigma=5.0e5)
sim.add_material(
    "custom_dielectric",
    eps_r=6.0,
    debye_poles=[DebyePole(delta_eps=12.0, tau=9.4e-12)],
)

Material arguments

Argument	Meaning	Notes
`eps_r`	relative permittivity	default is 1.0
`sigma`	conductivity	lossy dielectrics and below-threshold conductors; `sigma >= 1e6` S/m is represented by the PEC mask
`mu_r`	relative permeability	default is 1.0
`debye_poles`	dispersive Debye terms	`DebyePole(delta_eps, tau)`
`lorentz_poles`	dispersive Lorentz terms	`LorentzPole(omega_0, delta, kappa)`
`chi3`	third-order nonlinearity	specialized nonlinear-material workflows

Materials such as the built-in "copper" and "aluminum" have conductivity above the 1e6 S/m threshold and therefore behave as PEC in the compiled grid; their bulk skin depth and ohmic loss are not resolved. Use add_thin_conductor(...) when a subcell sheet model is appropriate. That helper also maps sigma_bulk >= 1e6 S/m (including its default copper value) to PEC; a finite sheet resistance requires an explicitly justified sigma_bulk < 1e6 S/m. Use a below-threshold volumetric conductivity only when its cells and loss model match the intended physical approximation.

Configuration limits

Geometry and materials are covered only when paired with a documented boundary, source or port, mesh, and observable combination. Check Support Boundaries before reporting RF accuracy for a structure that uses a limited configuration.